EMERGING SUPERBUGS IN HEALTH CARE
A post graduate question for Medical post gradates in a Developing country What are the Current emerging Drug resistant bacterial isolates, What are minimal precautions the Clinical personal should practice
Answered and Formulated by Dr.T.V.Rao MD The concerns on spread of superbugs is a priority for many countries, the US taken the priority in detection and effective use of Antibiotic resistance with optimal methods, The World Health Organization has drawn up a list of the drug-resistant bacteria that pose the biggest threat to human health. Top of the list are gram-negative bugs, such as E. coli, which can cause lethal bloodstream infections and pneumonia in frail hospital patients. Our Diagnostic Microbiology departments should gear to the needs of the patients, still we have no effective Infection control measures and Antibiotic Policy The WHO advised to grade the bacterial as per the growing pattern of resistance as per the following, All the teaching hospitals to be lead players and reference center to serve many catering health clinics
CRITICAL
Acinetobacter baumannii (carbapenem-resistant) - can cause serious chest and blood infections
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (carbapenem-resistant) - can cause serious chest and blood infections
Enterobacteriaceae, including Klebsiella, E. coli, Serratia, and Proteus (carbapenem-resistant, ESBL-producing strains) - can cause serious chest, blood and urine infections
HIGH PRIORITY
Enterococcus faecium (vancomycin-resistant) - can cause serious wound and blood infections
Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin-resistant, vancomycin-intermediate and resistant) - can cause serious chest, blood, urine and wound infections
Helicobacter pylori (clarithromycin-resistant) - infection linked to stomach ulcers
Campylobacter spp. (fluoroquinolone-resistant) - can cause diarrheal disease and bloodstream infections
Salmonellae (fluoroquinolone-resistant) - can cause diarrheal disease and blood stream infection
Neisseria gonorrhoeae (cephalosporin-resistant, fluoroquinolone-resistant) - a sexually transmitted infection that can cause infertility and, rarely, can spread to the blood and joints
MEDIUM PRIORITY
Streptococcus pneumoniae (penicillin-non-susceptible) - can cause serious chest infections and meningitis as well as blood poisoning
Haemophilus influenza (ampicillin-resistant) - can cause serious chest infections and meningitis as well as blood poisoning and skin and joint infections
Shigella spp. (fluoroquinolone-resistant) - a diarrheal disease that can lead to serious complications, including kidney failure
According to the CDC, “pan-resistant” bacteria are very uncommon, and “infection control contact precautions” are important in such situations, meaning patients will be isolated.
Sources
Standard precaution apriority to stop spread -Standard infection control precautions consist of appropriate hand hygiene and the use of gloves, gown, mask and eye protection or face shield. Clinicians should wash hands for a minimum of 10-15 seconds at the beginning and end of each shift, before and after each patient, before and after wearing gloves, prior to invasive procedures, after potential contact with microorganisms and whenever soiled.
CDC: http://www.cdc.gov/drugresistance/biggest_threats.html
Live Science: http://www.livescience.com/50041-cre-symptoms-treatment.html
Dr.T.V.Rao MD Freelance Microbiology Reporter on Global resources on hygiene and health care
A post graduate question for Medical post gradates in a Developing country What are the Current emerging Drug resistant bacterial isolates, What are minimal precautions the Clinical personal should practice
Answered and Formulated by Dr.T.V.Rao MD The concerns on spread of superbugs is a priority for many countries, the US taken the priority in detection and effective use of Antibiotic resistance with optimal methods, The World Health Organization has drawn up a list of the drug-resistant bacteria that pose the biggest threat to human health. Top of the list are gram-negative bugs, such as E. coli, which can cause lethal bloodstream infections and pneumonia in frail hospital patients. Our Diagnostic Microbiology departments should gear to the needs of the patients, still we have no effective Infection control measures and Antibiotic Policy The WHO advised to grade the bacterial as per the growing pattern of resistance as per the following, All the teaching hospitals to be lead players and reference center to serve many catering health clinics
CRITICAL
Acinetobacter baumannii (carbapenem-resistant) - can cause serious chest and blood infections
Pseudomonas aeruginosa (carbapenem-resistant) - can cause serious chest and blood infections
Enterobacteriaceae, including Klebsiella, E. coli, Serratia, and Proteus (carbapenem-resistant, ESBL-producing strains) - can cause serious chest, blood and urine infections
HIGH PRIORITY
Enterococcus faecium (vancomycin-resistant) - can cause serious wound and blood infections
Staphylococcus aureus (methicillin-resistant, vancomycin-intermediate and resistant) - can cause serious chest, blood, urine and wound infections
Helicobacter pylori (clarithromycin-resistant) - infection linked to stomach ulcers
Campylobacter spp. (fluoroquinolone-resistant) - can cause diarrheal disease and bloodstream infections
Salmonellae (fluoroquinolone-resistant) - can cause diarrheal disease and blood stream infection
Neisseria gonorrhoeae (cephalosporin-resistant, fluoroquinolone-resistant) - a sexually transmitted infection that can cause infertility and, rarely, can spread to the blood and joints
MEDIUM PRIORITY
Streptococcus pneumoniae (penicillin-non-susceptible) - can cause serious chest infections and meningitis as well as blood poisoning
Haemophilus influenza (ampicillin-resistant) - can cause serious chest infections and meningitis as well as blood poisoning and skin and joint infections
Shigella spp. (fluoroquinolone-resistant) - a diarrheal disease that can lead to serious complications, including kidney failure
According to the CDC, “pan-resistant” bacteria are very uncommon, and “infection control contact precautions” are important in such situations, meaning patients will be isolated.
Sources
Standard precaution apriority to stop spread -Standard infection control precautions consist of appropriate hand hygiene and the use of gloves, gown, mask and eye protection or face shield. Clinicians should wash hands for a minimum of 10-15 seconds at the beginning and end of each shift, before and after each patient, before and after wearing gloves, prior to invasive procedures, after potential contact with microorganisms and whenever soiled.
CDC: http://www.cdc.gov/drugresistance/biggest_threats.html
Live Science: http://www.livescience.com/50041-cre-symptoms-treatment.html
Dr.T.V.Rao MD Freelance Microbiology Reporter on Global resources on hygiene and health care
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